Tramadol is a prescription medication used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain. It is classified as an opioid analgesic, although it is unique in that it also affects neurotransmitters such as serotonin and norepinephrine. Developed in the late 1970s by a German pharmaceutical company, tramadol has gained widespread use for its effectiveness in pain management and its relatively lower risk of dependency compared to other opioids.

Tramadol is available in both immediate-release and extended-release formulations, allowing for flexibility in treating both acute and chronic pain. It can be prescribed as a standalone medication or as part of a combination therapy.