Diazepam, known by its brand name Valium, is a benzodiazepine medication commonly used to treat a range of conditions including anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, muscle spasms, and seizures. It functions by enhancing the activity of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, which produces a calming effect. Diazepam is available in various forms, including tablets, oral solutions, and injectable solutions, making it versatile for different medical scenarios.