Diazepam, commonly known by the brand name Valium, is a benzodiazepine medication used primarily for its calming effects. It is widely prescribed for various conditions, including anxiety, muscle spasms, seizures, and alcohol withdrawal. Its efficacy and versatility make it a staple in many therapeutic settings.

Diazepam works by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that inhibits activity in the brain. By binding to benzodiazepine receptors, it promotes GABA's calming effects, reducing neuronal excitability and resulting in sedation, muscle relaxation, and anxiety relief.