Adderall is a prescription medication that contains two active ingredients: amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. It is commonly used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. Adderall works by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, primarily dopamine and norepinephrine. This enhances communication between neurons, which helps improve attention and reduces hyperactivity and impulsiveness.