We investigate the cellular, synaptic and molecular mechanisms of action of central nervous system drugs; especially barbiturates, opiates, anesthetics and abused inhalants, as well as experimental drugs. The mechanisms of action for CNS depressants are studied using electrophysiological recording techniques and selective pharmacological probes to enhance or inhibit specific neurotransmitter circuits. Most of our studies focus on the CA 1 area in rat hippocampal brain slices (see a diagram). Neuronal circuit function in this brain area appears to be disrupted by anesthetics and abused inhalants through a combination of pre- and post-synaptic actions on glutamate and GABA mediated neurotransmission. These effects could explain drug actions causing memory loss (amnesia), altered cognitive function and loss of consciousness.