Abstract

Gum Arabic (GA) is a dried exudate obtained from the stems and branches of Acacia Senegal and consists, mainly, of high-molecular weight polysaccharides and their calcium, magnesium and potassium salts. It is reputed, especially among Middle Eastern and African populations, to have traditional health promoting characteristics. It is, traditionally, used for the treatment of chronic renal failure and other renal and gastrointestinal diseases, although without strong scientific evidence. The aim of this paper is to review the literature associated with the biological effects of GA. The method includes a literature search using the Medline database. Additional relevant articles were identified from the bibliographies. Findings of the studies were critically reviewed. The results reveal that GA has trophic effects on gut mucous membrane, effects on tooth mineraliztion, as well as, hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic effects. Furthermore, there is an indication that GA has a potential effect on hepatic and renal diseases. However, therapeutic usefulness of GA in hepatic and renal failure has to await further verification in animal models and humans. No significant toxicities have been associated with the use of GA. In conclusion, the findings suggest promising potential of GA. Therefore, further work on the effects of GA is highly suggested.