Introduction
The science of pain is constantly evolving, encompassing new knowledge about pathogenetic mechanisms and innovative therapeutic options. However, numerous misconceptions about pain and its treatment persist, often leading to patients being perceived as "difficult" and requiring substantial effort from healthcare providers.

Objective
Literature demonstrates that educating patients about pain is an integral part of therapy. The way healthcare professionals communicate with patients experiencing pain significantly impacts treatment outcomes. Studies show that Pain Neuroscience Education, combined with other therapies like physiotherapy, can significantly reduce pain and disability.

Methods
We have developed an informational booklet for patients titled "Why Do I Have Pain? What Can I Do?" This booklet aims to provide explain, as simply as possible yet without oversimplifying, the following topics:

- New insights into persistent pain

- Neurological modulation

- Inflammation

- The role of the immune system

- Alarm reactions following pain experiences

- The risk of chronicity related to catastrophizing and kinesiophobia

- Vicious cycles in pain experiences

Additionally, the booklet discusses the transition from the Biomedical model to the Bio-Psycho-Social model of pain management. It covers tailored pain therapies and salutogenesis, emphasizing the importance of lifestyle factors such as nutrition, breathing, and movement in managing pain.
To support the implementation of this educational tool, we plan to organize training courses for doctors, nurses, and physiotherapists to emphasize the importance of effective pain communication, to stay update on neuroscience discoveries,  introducing the use of the booklet for patient education. The key principles of this approach include:

- Listening to and thoroughly examining the patient

- Understanding the role and appropriateness of radiological tests

- Recognizing red flags

- Acknowledging gender differences in pain experiences

- Emphasizing that words can act as drugs

- Understanding pain mechanisms to select appropriate therapies

- Integrating various types of therapy, including pharmacological, physical, psychological, and social interventions

- Highlighting the role of movement rehabilitation, psychological support, and mind-body integration in pain management

Conclusion
Educated patients are likely to feel more empowered and engaged in their treatment, potentially leading to better adherence to therapeutic recommendations and improved outcomes.
By integrating the latest insights from pain neuroscience and adopting a comprehensive, patient-centered approach, we aim to enhance the quality of life for individuals living with chronic pain.
Furthermore, emphasizing the Bio-Psycho-Social model and the role of lifestyle factors in pain management can lead to a more holistic approach to patient care, addressing the multifaceted nature of chronic pain.

Bibliography:

• Louw A., Puentedura E. Et al, Pain Neuroscience Education: Which pain Neuroscience Education metaphor worked best?, South African Journal of Physiotherapy, 2019
• Benedetti, F. Effetti placebo e nocebo. Dalla fisiologia alla clinica, G. Fioriti editore, 2015
• Butler, D. S., & Moseley, G. L. Explain Pain 2nd Edn. Noigroup publications, 2013
• Pain Neuroscience Education: uno strumento evidence based per aumentare l'efficacia dell'intervento riabilitativo, Dolore Aggiornamenti Clinici, 1/2021